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Note 4. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Disaggregation of revenue
The disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers is as follows:

2019

2018

$'000

$'000

Major product lines

Sale of goods

127,520

128,422

Rendering of services

113,615

111,447

241,135

239,869

Geographical regions

Australia

241,135

239,869

Timing of revenue recognition

Goods and services transferred at a point in time

208,522

206,823

Goods and services transferred over time

32,613

33,046

241,135

239,869

Accounting policy for revenue from contracts with customers
Revenue is recognised at an amount that reflects the consideration to which Hearing Australia is expected to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. For each contract with a customer, Hearing Australia: identifies the contract with a customer; identifies the performance obligations in the contract; determines the transaction price which takes into account estimates of variable consideration and the time value of money; allocates the transaction price to the separate performance obligations on the basis of the relative stand-alone selling price of each distinct good or service to be delivered; and recognises revenue when or as each performance obligation is satisfied in a manner that depicts the transfer to the customer of the goods or services promised.

Variable consideration within the transaction price, if any, reflects concessions provided to the customer such as discounts, rebates and refunds, any potential bonuses receivable from the customer and any other contingent events. Such estimates are determined using either the 'expected value' or 'most likely amount' method. The measurement of variable consideration is subject to a constraining principle whereby revenue will only be recognised to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur. The measurement constraint continues until the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Amounts received that are subject to the constraining principle are initially recognised as contract liabilities in the form of a separate refund liability.

Sale of goods
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when the customer obtains control of the goods, which is generally at the time of delivery.

Rendering of services
Revenue from a contract to provide services is recognised over time as the services are rendered based on either a fixed price or an hourly rate.

Revenues from Government
Hearing Australia receives a significant amount of its sales revenue (as disclosed above) from the Federal Government. This consists of an allocation of Federal budget funding which is received in the form of sales consideration, received from the Department of Health ('DOH'), for (i) revenue received through a competitive voucher scheme administered by the DOH; and (ii) the provision of goods and services to the community.

Funding from the DOH is recognised when the service or goods have been provided, in accordance with the accounting policy above. Funding that is carried forward to be recognised as revenue in future years is specifically authorised by the DOH.

Revenue for services provided under the competitive voucher scheme is recognised when the services are provided, in accordance with the accounting policy above. Where fees for maintenance services are received in advance, the amount is initially recognised as a contract liability and revenue is recognised over the service period.