The legacy of ISIL’s caliphate— foreign fighters and their families, its global network, and the availability of propaganda inciting violence—still shapes the global environment.

Through its affiliates, al-Qa‘ida continues to embed itself in local conflicts and exploit weak governance, and has not relinquished its longstanding anti-Western ambitions.

Further, the emergence of nationalist and isolationist narratives globally is normalising aspects of extreme right-wing ideology.